Technique in testing By: Harold S. Madsen

Contents:
I. Introduction
The importance of testing
What is the important of testing?
The important of testing is can make our language perfect. Also we know our ability in language.
Test Classification
What is test classification?
Test classification is a test that has the advantage of measuring language skills. Like translation and essay test.
This chapter explains that Testing is an important part of every teaching and learning experience. By testing we can know our ability in language.

II. Vocabulary Test
Multiple choice completions
What is the usage of multiple choice completions?
The function is to make the student depend on context clues and sentence meaning. This kind of item is constructed by deleting a word from a sentence.
Advantages of multiple choice completions
What are the advantages of multiple choice completions?
The advantages are help students see the full meaning of words by providing natural context. Also it is a sensitive measure of achievement.
Advantages of simple completion
What are the advantages of simple completion?
The advantages are reflects teaching approach and it is generally faster and easier to construct than are items with distracters.
This chapter discuss about Vocabulary test is a test in which a sentence with one word underlined is given. So the students just choose which one the correct answer.

III. Grammar Tests
Limitations of limited response
What is limitation of limited response?
It is individual testing takes longer than group testing and it is difficult to find suitable picture.
Simple completion (sentences)
What is simple completion in sentence?
Simple completion in sentences is testing grammar consist of a sentence from which a grammatical element has been removed.
Scoring the Cloze
How to score the close?
First give credit for only the exact word from the story, next is allow full credit for equivalent word as well. Both methods rank students about the same, but student feel strongly that the second method is fairer.
This chapter explains about the function of grammar testing and it is to measure student proficiency in matters ranging from inflections to syntax. Syntax involves the relationship of words in a sentence, including matters such as word order.

IV. Pronunciation Tests
Reading aloud
How to read aloud?
By using lists of sentences, evaluate only one or two points per sentences. Then use natural languages so avoid signaling to the student which pronunciation point we are testing.
Advantages of Reading Aloud items
What are the advantages of Reading Aloud items?
They are easy t prepare, provide god control, test almost all pronunciation features and can test how to pronounce spelling combination.
This chapter explains that in pronunciation tests presents a variety of ways to evaluate student’s production and identification of the sound, stress pattern, and intonation of English.

V. Reading Tests
Question techniques for beginners
What the approach of question techniques for beginners?
The approach of question techniques is true false items and the matching technique. True false items are rather easy to prepare, and for beginning students they are easier that regular multiple choice items.
Passage Comprehension
What are the functions of Passage comprehension?
The functions are integrative type of reading test, objective and easy to score and evaluate students at every level of reading development.
This chapter explains about how to make some testing for beginner reader and good reader.

VI. Writing Tests
Guided writing
What is the objective of guided writing?
The objective in guided writing test is to check student ability to handle controlled or directed writing tasks. One way is to make certain kinds of changes in a story text manipulation.
Advantages of guided writing test
What are advantages of guided writing test?
The advantage is rather quick and easy to construct. Also provide appropriate control for those students who are not ready to write on their own.
Dictation test
What is the dictation test?
The dictation test is one of the easiest tests to use, and it gives very god information on the student’s language ability. But this is true only if you prepare it right, present it right and score it right.
This chapter explains about writing test. Start from preparation until how we preface it

VII. Listening Tests
Listening skills
Limited response of listening skill
What the advantages of limited response of listening skill?
the advantages are involves flexible techniques, the question are generally quite easy to prepare and limited response items are generally rather objective as well as quick and easy to score.
This chapter explains about variety of ways to test the listening comprehension of beginning students.

VIII. Speaking Tests
Oral interview
What is oral interview?
Oral interview is test of speaking by talking with someone. The oral interview can provide a genuine sense of communication.
Advantages of the Oral Interview
What are the advantages of oral interview?
It can be one of the most communicative of all language examinations and it is scoring tends to be more consistent and simple than the scoring of many guided technique items.
This chapter explains about interview and advantages of interview itself.

IX. Evaluating Tests
Why do we need detractor evaluation?
Because sometimes is an item that was drilled heavily in class an item that almost everyone has mastered.
This chapter explains that we really need an evaluating test.

List of illustration:
- Table 1 = contrasting categories of ESL tests
- Table 2 = hearing identification
- Table 3 = the children are playing on their new toy
- Table 4 = calculation the level of difficulty